Fig. 3

Effect of Low-Fat Diet vs. High-Fat Diet on Serum Leptin Levels Forest plot illustrating the WMD and 95% CIs for the impact of a low-fat diet versus a high-fat diet on serum leptin levels (measured in ng/mL). Each study is represented by a square, with its size proportional to its weight in the meta-analysis. The diamond represents the pooled effect estimate, with its width indicating the confidence interval. A positive WMD favors the low-fat diet, suggesting an increase in leptin levels