Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants, stratified by NAFLD or MASLD status: NHANES III (1988–1994)
Characteristic | NAFLD | Non-NAFLD | P value | MASLD | Non-MASLD | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 3233) | (n = 9696) | (n = 2799) | (n = 10130) | |||
Age, years, mean (SD) | 46.4 (15.55) | 43.08 (16.03) | < 0.001 | 47.75 (15.17) | 42.85 (16.03) | < 0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 1620 (50.11) | 4531 (46.73) | < 0.001 | 1450 (51.80) | 4701 (46.41) | < 0.001 |
Race/ethnicity, n (%) |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  | < 0.001 |
Non-Hispanic white | 1215 (37.58) | 3588 (37.00) | Â | 1064 (38.01) | 3739 (36.91) | Â |
Non-Hispanic black | 770 (23.82) | 2916 (30.07) | Â | 628 (22.44) | 3058 (30.19) | Â |
Mexican-American | 1124 (34.77) | 2772 (28.59) | Â | 1010 (36.08) | 2886 (28.49) | Â |
Other race | 124 (3.84) | 420 (4.33) | Â | 97 (3.47) | 447 (4.41) | Â |
Low income, n (%) | 929 (31.21) | 2913 (32.92) | 0.084 | 801 (31.18) | 3041 (32.85) | 0.110 |
Married, n (%) | 2185 (67.58) | 6036 (62.25) | < 0.001 | 1936 (69.17) | 6285 (62.04) | < 0.001 |
Education, n (%) | Â | Â | 0.002 | Â | Â | 0.002 |
More than or equal to high school | 2453 (76.16) | 7584 (78.74) | Â | 2116 (75.92) | 7921 (78.69) | Â |
Current smokers, n (%) | 839 (25.95) | 2824 (29.13) | < 0.001 | 695 (24.83) | 2968 (29.30) | < 0.001 |
Sedentary lifestyle, n (%) | 979 (30.28) | 2818 (29.06) | 0.188 | 849 (30.33) | 2948 (29.10) | 0.206 |
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 28.50 (6.05) | 26.13 (4.92) | < 0.001 | 29.28 (5.79) | 26.01 (4.96) | < 0.001 |
WC, cm, mean (SD) | 98.50 (15.88) | 91.19 (13.72) | < 0.001 | 101.13 (14.27) | 90.77 (13.93) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 455 (14.07) | 702 (7.24) | < 0.001 | 414 (14.79) | 743 (7.33) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 1314 (40.64) | 2970 (30.63) | < 0.001 | 1240 (44.30) | 3044 (30.05) | < 0.001 |
TG, mg/dL, mean(SD) | 171.30 (122.89) | 131.51 (100.64) | < 0.001 | 181.47 (125.09) | 130.41 (100.02) | < 0.001 |
HDL-C, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 47.91 (15.06) | 51.80 (15.43) | < 0.001 | 46.76 (14.82) | 51.95 (15.41) | < 0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.75 (1.37) | 5.46 (1.02) | < 0.001 | 5.81 (1.37) | 5.45 (1.03) | < 0.001 |
Glucose, mg/dL, mean(SD) | 108.64 (47.28) | 98.91 (32.42) | < 0.001 | 110.23 (48.19) | 98.89 (32.75) | < 0.001 |
Insulin, uU/mL, mean (SD) | 80.96 (70.00) | 59.30 (50.94) | < 0.001 | 83.10 (71.25) | 59.14 (50.74) | < 0.001 |
HOMA-IR, mean (SD) | 378.91 (332.34) | 266.26 (230.44) | < 0.001 | 388.04 (337.28) | 266.22 (230.59) | < 0.001 |
NFS, mean (SD) | -1.89 (1.63) | -2.21 (1.61) | < 0.001 | -1.77 (1.59) | -2.22 (1.61) | < 0.001 |
NFS > -1.455, n (%) | 1159 (38.893) | 2632 (29.666) | < 0.001 | 1075 (41.651) | 2716 (29.296) | < 0.001 |
FIB-4, mean (SD) | 1.01 (0.83) | 0.95 (1.02) | < 0.001 | 1.02 (0.77) | 0.95 (1.03) | < 0.001 |
FIB-4 > 1.3, n (%) | 693 (21.868) | 1820 (19.237) | 0.001 | 626 (22.822) | 1887 (19.086) | < 0.001 |
Heart attack (%) | 136 (4.21) | 297 (3.06) | 0.002 | 125 (4.47) | 308 (3.04) | < 0.001 |
Stroke (%) | 71 (2.20) | 163 (1.68) | 0.057 | 64 (2.29) | 170 (1.68) | 0.033 |
Congresive heart failure (%) | 112 (3.46) | 243 (2.51) | 0.004 | 99 (3.54) | 256 (2.53) | 0.004 |
Angina pectoris (%) | 333 (10.30) | 808 (8.33) | < 0.001 | 296 (10.58) | 845 (8.34) | < 0.001 |
CVD (%) | 485 (15.00) | 1164 (12.00) | < 0.001 | 434 (15.51) | 1215 (11.99) | < 0.001 |
All-cause mortality, n (%) | 1184 (36.62) | 2916 (30.07) | < 0.001 | 1076 (38.44) | 3024 (29.85) | < 0.001 |
CVD mortality, n (%) | 358 (11.07) | 899 (9.27) | 0.003 | 330 (11.79) | 927 (9.15) | < 0.001 |