Table 2 Identification of Glycemic Patterns, Causes, and Interventions in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring

Nighttime glycemic drop, morning rebound in adults with T2D on insulin therapy

• Excessive basal insulin

• Basal insulin reduction

• Low protein and high carbohydrate load in meals, especially in the morning

• Reduce CH intake at breakfast

• Consider protein supplementation if necessary

Persistent hyperglycemia through the day in T2D adults without insulin therapy

• Suboptimal antidiabetic therapy

• Optimize treatment, add other agents or basal insulin

• Inadequate endogenous insulin response to CH loads

• Reduce the amount of CH in meals

• Lifestyle changes

• Difficulty reducing CH intake

• Education on nutrition

• Intensify treatment with antidiabetic drugs with prandial impact

• High CH intake

• Education on nutrition and lifestyle changes

Postprandial hyperglycemia, in T2D adults without insulin

• Effect of atypical antipsychotics or glucocorticoids

• Anti-diabetic with prandial effect

• Suboptimal antidiabetic therapy

• Optimize treatment

• Lack of adherence to pharmacological and nutritional therapy

• Intensify the treatment with antidiabetic drugs with prandial impact

• Education on nutrition and lifestyle changes