Table 1 Characteristics of participants in the NHANES (2007–2016) by Klotho levels
| Â | Klotho levels | Â | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P-value |
Participants, No. | 890 | 890 | 890 | 890 | Â |
Klotho(pg/ml) | 525.9(87.7) | 723.5(44.8) | 897.4(57.6) | 1290.7(331.4) | < 0.001 |
Clinical parameters | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age(years) | 62.8(10.0) | 61.8(10.1) | 61.1(9.9) | 59.8(10.0) | < 0.001 |
Gender, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.272 |
 Female | 424 (47.6) | 416 (46.7) | 452 (50.8) | 445 (50.0) |  |
 Male | 466 (52.4) | 474 (53.3) | 438 (49.2) | 445 (50.0) |  |
Race, n (%) |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Mexican American | 184 (20.7) | 170 (19.1) | 195 (21.9) | 178 (20.0) |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 217 (24.4) | 187 (21.0) | 173 (19.4) | 253 (28.4) |  |
 Non-Hispanic White | 322 (36.2) | 327 (36.7) | 305 (34.3) | 253 (28.4) |  |
 Other Hispanic | 92 (10.3) | 119 (13.4) | 119 (13.4) | 134 (15.1) |  |
 Other Race | 75 (8.4) | 87 (9.8) | 98 (11.0) | 72 (8.1) |  |
PIR | 2.2 (1.5) | 2.3 (1.5) | 2.2 (1.5) | 2.3 (1.6) | 0.970 |
Marital status, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.971 |
 Divorced/ Separated | 186 (20.9) | 181 (20.3) | 184 (20.7) | 173 (19.4) |  |
 Married/ Living with partner | 547 (61.5) | 555 (62.4) | 547 (61.5) | 549 (61.7) |  |
 Never married/ Widowed | 157 (17.6) | 154 (17.3) | 159 (17.9) | 168 (18.9) |  |
Smoking, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.003 |
 Never smoker | 405 (45.5) | 393 (44.1) | 467 (52.5) | 457 (51.3) |  |
 Former smoker | 321 (36.1) | 337 (37.9) | 282 (31.7) | 278 (31.2) |  |
 Current smoker | 164 (18.4) | 160 (18.0) | 141 (15.8) | 155 (17.5) |  |
Alcohol status, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.566 |
 Never | 148 (16.6) | 163 (18.3) | 179 (20.1) | 163 (18.3) |  |
 Former | 278 (31.2) | 260 (29.2) | 247 (27.8) | 260 (29.2) |  |
 Current | 464 (52.2) | 467 (52.5) | 464 (52.1) | 467 (52.5) |  |
Vital signs | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
BMI (kg/m2) | 32.5 (7.0) | 32.6 (7.2) | 32.5 (7.4) | 32.4(7.5) | 0.984 |
DBP (mmHg) | 67.6 (12.9) | 68.7(13.1) | 69.6(12.8) | 70.8(12.9) | < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 130.8(19.9) | 130.4(18.8) | 129.3(18.4) | 131.0(19.3) | 0.261 |
Laboratory parameters | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 ALT(U/L) | 24.5(14.0) | 25.7(13.7) | 28.2(33.4) | 31.4 (25.7) | < 0.001 |
 Alb(g/L) | 41.3 (3.5) | 41.8(3.2) | 41.8(3.3) | 41.4(3.5) | < 0.001 |
 Creatinine(umol/L) | 106.1(99.0) | 86.1(40.6) | 81.8(53.2) | 80.0 (43.6) | < 0.001 |
 eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 75.1(27.0) | 83.0(24.7) | 86.6(22.1) | 89.5(23.3) | < 0.001 |
 TC (mg/dl) | 4.7 (1.2) | 4.8 (1.2) | 4.9(1.1) | 5.0 (1.3) | < 0.001 |
 HDL (mmol/L) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.4) | 0.561 |
 HbA1c (%) | 6.9 (1.3) | 7.1(1.6) | 7.2(1.7) | 7.7 (2.1) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Hyperlipidemia, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.223 | |
 No | 90 (10.1) | 96 (10.8) | 109 (12.2) | 115 (12.9) |  |
 Yes | 800 (89.9) | 794 (89.2) | 781 (87.8) | 775 (87.1) |  |
 Stroke, n (%) |  |  |  |  | 0.057 |
 No | 795 (89.3) | 823 (92.5) | 822 (92.4) | 818 (91.9) |  |
 Yes | 95(10.7) | 67 (7.5) | 68 (7.6) | 72 (8.1) |  |
 Coronary heart disease, n (%) |  |  |  | 0.007 | |
 No | 780 (87.6) | 804 (90.3) | 812 (91.2) | 821 (92.2) |  |
 Yes | 110 (12.4) | 86 (9.7) | 78 (8.8) | 69 (7.8) |  |
 Hypertension, n (%) |  |  |  |  | 0.024 |
 No | 204 (22.9) | 229 (25.7) | 249 (28.0) | 256 (28.8) |  |
 Yes | 686 (77.1) | 661 (74.3) | 641 (72.0) | 634 (71.2) |  |