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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants by Statins use

From: The use of statins are associated with an increased risk of new-onset diabetes in patients with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnoea, a longitudinal study

 

Total

Non-Use

Intermittent use

Persistent use

P

Participants (N, n,%)

5390

848 (15.7%)

3586 (66.5)

956 (17.7)

-

Sex (men, n,%)

3821 (70.9)

635 (74.9)

2548 (71.1)

638 (66.7)

0.637

Age (years)

49.0 (42.0,56.0)

42.0 (36.0,48.0)

49.0 (43.0,56.0)

54.0 (47.0,60.0)

<0.001

Age groups (n,%) <45 years

1741 (32.3)

507 (59.8)

1089 (30.4)

145 (15.2)

<0.001

 45-60 years

2766 (51.3)

313 (36.9)

1909 (53.2)

544 (56.9)

<0.001

 ≥60 years

883 (16.4)

28 (3.3)

588 (16.4)

267 (27.9)

0.097

Tobacco use (n,%)

1969 (36.5)

312 (36.8)

1348 (37.6)

309 (32.3)

0.012

Alcohol intake (n,%)

2070 (38.4)

365 (43.0)

1379 (38.5)

326 (34.1)

<0.001

Abdominal circumference (cm)

100.0 (93.0,107.0)

99.0 (93.0,106.0)

100.0 (94.0,107.0)

100.0 (93.0,107.0)

0.436

Abdominal obesity (n,%)

4766 (88.4)

732 (86.3)

3195 (89.1)

839 (87.8)

0.176

HTN duration (years)

1.0 (1.0,10.0)

2.0 (0.5,10.0)

4.0 (1.0,10.0)

6.0 (2.0,11.0)

<0.001

HTN duration ≥5years (n,%)

2613 (48.5)

260 (30.7)

1786 (49.8)

567 (59.3)

<0.001

No. of anti-HTN agents ≥2 (n,%)

3110 (57.7)

426 (50.2)

2084 (58.1)

600 (62.8)

<0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

147.0 (135.0,161.0)

147.0 (135.0,159.0)

148.0 (135.0,162.0)

146.0 (135.0,162.0)

0.054

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

91.0 (82.0,101.0)

94.0 (85.0,103.0)

92.0 (82.0,101.0)

88.0 (80.0,99.0)

<0.001

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

4.4 (3.8,5.0)

4.2 (3.7,4.7)

4.5 (3.9,5.1)

4.4 (3.7,5.0)

<0.001

Triglyceride (mmol/l)

1.6 (1.2,2.3)

1.6 (1.2,2.4)

1.7 (1.2,2.3)

1.6 (1.2,2.2)

0.028

High density lipoprotein-C (mmol/l)

1.0 (0.8,1.1)

0.9 (0.8,1.1)

1.0 (0.8,1.1)

1.0 (0.8,1.1)

0.003

Low density lipoprotein-C (mmol/l)

2.7 (2.2,3.2)

2.5 (2.1,2.9)

2.8 (2.2,3.3)

2.7 (2.1,3.2)

<0.001

Plasma aldosterone (mmol/l)

14.6 (12.3,20.2)

15.4 (12.3,20.3)

14.6 (12.3,20.3)

14.0 (12.2,18.6)

<0.001

Alanine aminotransferase (U/l)

23.0 (16.0,34.0)

25.0 (17.0,36.0)

23.0 (16.0,34.0)

22.0 (16.0,32.0)

0.001

aspartate aminotransferase (U/l)

18.1 (16.0,23.0)

19.0 (15.0,23.0)

18.1 (16.0,23.0)

18.0 (16.0,22.0)

0.997

Serum creatinine (umol/l)

68.9 (59.4,79.1)

68.7 (60.3,78.4)

69.1 (59.5,79.5)

68.1 (58.7,78.4)

0.370

Uric acid (umol/l)

360.0 (304.0,425.9)

370.0 (307.0,437.4)

359.0 (305.0,425.0)

354.0 (300.0,416.0)

0.002

Serum potassium (mmol/l)

3.8 (3.6,4.0)

3.8 (3.6,4.0)

3.8 (3.6,4.0)

3.8 (3.6,4.0)

0.591

Fasting blood glucose (mmol/l)

4.7 (4.3,5.1)

4.5 (4.2,5.0)

4.7 (4.3,5.1)

4.7 (4.4,5.2)

<0.001

Pre-diabetes (n,%)

540 (10.0)

60 (7.1)

363 (10.1)

117 (12.2)

0.001

TyG index

8.70 (8.37,9.06)

8.65 (8.32,9.09)

8.72 (8.39,9.07)

8.67 (8.37,9.04)

0.075

OSA severity (n,%), mild

1987 (36.9)

364 (42.9)

1291 (36.0)

332 (34.7)

-

 moderate

1518 (28.2)

216 (25.5)

1017 (28.4)

285 (29.8)

-

 severe

1643 (30.3)

229 (27.0)

1130 (31.5)

284 (29.7)

-

  1. HTN: hypertension, C: cholesterol, TyG: Triglyceride and Glucose, OSA: Obstructive sleep apnea
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

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