Table 5 General Characteristics of study participants with and without MetS by sex groups
Characteristics | Males (N = 2297) | P | Females (N = 3182) | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MetS N (%) | Non-MetS N (%) | MetS N (%) | Non-MetS N (%) | |||
Age, years | 54.0 (43.0–61.0) | 49.0 (35.0–61.0) |  < 0.001 | 57.0 (48.0–62.0) | 47.0 (36.0–56.0) |  < 0.001 |
Current residence | ||||||
 Rural | 399 (32.7) | 351 (29.4) | 0.001 | 548 (39.4) | 604 (33.7) | 0.001 |
 Urban | 706 (63.9) | 841 (70.6) | 843 (60.6) | 1187 (66.3) | ||
Marital status | ||||||
 Single/widowed/divorced | 88 (8.0) | 215 (18.0) |  < 0.001 | 86 (6.2) | 178 (9.9) |  < 0.001 |
 Others | 1017 (92.0) | 977 (82.0) | 1304 (93.8) | 1613 (90.1) | ||
Occupation | ||||||
 Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and personnel | 699 (62.3) | 657 (55.1) | 0.012 | 685 (49.2) | 739 (41.3) |  < 0.001 |
 Manufacturer, transport and salesperson | 70 (6.3) | 85 (7.1) | 57 (4.1) | 105 (5.9) | ||
 Government and enterprise workers | 74 (6.7) | 94 (7.9) | 36 (2.6) | 122 (6.8) | ||
 Other occupation | 157 (14.2) | 193 (16.2) | 159 (11.4) | 263 (14.7) | ||
 Unemployed/students/retiree | 116 (10.5) | 163 (13.7) | 454 (32.6) | 562 (31.4) | ||
Education level | ||||||
 Below primary school | 403 (36.5) | 322 (27.0) |  < 0.001 | 752 (54.1) | 637 (35.6) |  < 0.001 |
 Junior middle school | 478 (43.3) | 512 (43.0) | 463 (33.3) | 689 (38.5) | ||
 High school or Specialized Secondary Schools | 161 (14.6) | 230 (19.3) | 114 (8.2) | 246 (13.7) | ||
 College and above | 63 (5.7) | 128 (10.7) | 62 (4.5) | 219 (12.2) | ||
Income status | ||||||
< 1500 | 243 (22.0) | 264 (22.2) | 0.006 | 269 (22.0) | 430 (24.0) |  < 0.001 |
 1500 ~  | 268 (24.3) | 355 (29.8) | 1032 (32.4) | 607 (33.9) | ||
 3500 ~  | 594 (53.8) | 572 (48.0) | 1451 (45.6) | 754 (42.1) | ||
Smoking | ||||||
 Never | 319 (35.9) | 506 (42.4) |  < 0.001 | 1169 (84.0) | 1694 (94.6) |  < 0.001 |
 Former smoker | 84 (7.6) | 76 (6.4) | 22 (1.6) | 21 (1.2) | ||
 Current | 702 (63.5) | 610 (51.2) | 200 (14.4) | 76 (4.2) | ||
Drinking | ||||||
 Never | 192 (23.9) | 357 (29.9) |  < 0.001 | 823 (59.2) | 1605 (89.6) |  < 0.001 |
 Former drinker | 94 (8.5) | 133 (11.2) | 27 (1.9) | 51 (2.8) | ||
 Current | 819 (74.1) | 702 (58.9) | 1391 (38.9) | 135 (7.5) | ||
Sleep duration of low risk | ||||||
 Yes | 917 (83.0) | 1026 (86.1) | 0.041 | 1162 (83.5) | 1547 (86.4) | 0.026 |
 No | 188 (17.0) | 166 (13.9) | 229 (16.5) | 244 (13.6) | ||
Family history of chronic diseases | ||||||
 0 | 598 (54.1) | 766 (64.3) | 0.001 | 600 (43.1) | 880 (49.1) |  < 0.001 |
 1–2 | 324 (29.3) | 255 (21.4) | 498 (35.8) | 665 (37.1) | ||
 ≥3 | 183 (16.6) | 171 (14.3) | 293 (21.1) | 246 (13.7) | ||
Physical activity | ||||||
 Low | 822 (74.4) | 798 (66.9) |  < 0.001 | 1142 (63.8) | 1033 (74.3) |  < 0.001 |
 Middle | 148 (13.5) | 159 (13.3) | 369 (20.6) | 193 (13.9) | ||
 High | 134 (12.1) | 235 (19.7) | 280 (15.6) | 165 (11.9) | ||