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Fig. 4 | Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

Fig. 4

From: Rising tide: the growing global burden and inequalities of early-onset type 2 diabetes among youths aged 15–34 years (1990–2021)

Fig. 4

Socio-Demographic Inequalities in Early-Onset T2DM (Ages 15–34), 1990 vs. 2021. This figure analyzes socio-demographic inequalities in early-onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) across incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs from 1990 to 2021, using relative Sociodemographic Index (SDI) rank and concentration indices. A, B Incidence Rate. A Scatter plot shows age-standardized incidence rates per 100,000 vs. SDI rank for 1990 (blue) and 2021 (yellow). Bubble size reflects population in millions; arrows indicate key countries (e.g., United States, Bangladesh). Incidence rises over time, steeper in high-SDI regions. B Concentration curves compare cumulative T2DM incidence by SDI for 1990 (blue) and 2021 (yellow), with 2021 deviating further from equality, showing increased inequality. C, D Prevalence Rate. C Scatter plot of prevalence rates vs. SDI rank for 1990 and 2021. Prevalence increases significantly in high-SDI countries (e.g., United States). D Concentration curves for prevalence show a widening inequality gap from 1990 to 2021, per concentration index. E and F: Mortality Rate. E Scatter plot of mortality rates vs. SDI rank. Mortality decreases in high-SDI countries, with arrows showing rising inequality from 1990 to 2021. F Concentration curves for mortality shift further from equality in 2021, indicating increased inequality. G, H Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). G Scatter plot of DALYs vs. SDI rank. DALYs decrease in high-SDI regions, with differences in low-SDI areas. H Concentration curves for DALYs show greater inequality in 2021 vs. 1990. The 1990–2021 comparison reveals rising disparities: high-SDI regions see greater incidence and prevalence; low-SDI regions bear higher mortality and DALYs. Bubble sizes in scatter plots highlight population impact

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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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