Fig. 3

Decomposition Analysis of T2DM Mortality and DALYs by SDI, 1990–2021. This figure presents a decomposition analysis of factors influencing changes in mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) due to early-onset T2DM among youths aged 15–34 years across SDI levels from 1990 to 2021. A Global and SDI-Level Contributions to Mortality—Displays percentage contributions of changes in population size, population age, prevalence, and case fatality/disease severity to mortality from early-onset T2DM globally and by SDI level. It shows prevalence and case fatality/disease severity as key drivers, especially in low and low-middle SDI regions. B Gender-Specific Contributions to Mortality—Breaks down mortality factor contributions by gender, illustrating percentage changes for females and males. It highlights differences in the roles of population size, population age, and other factors across SDI levels. C Global and SDI-Level Contributions to DALYs—Shows percentage contributions of the same factors to changes in DALYs from early-onset T2DM. Results indicate prevalence increases as the primary driver of DALYs across all SDI levels, with significant impact in low and low-middle SDI regions. D Gender-Specific Contributions to DALYs—Presents gender-specific decomposition of DALYs, detailing contributions of each factor to changes among females and males. Bars in each panel represent percentage changes by factor—population size (purple), population age (green), prevalence (yellow), and case fatality/disease severity (teal)—across SDI levels, with global contributions included. Black dots within bars denote the overall percentage change per factor. The color coding aids in distinguishing contributions, revealing distinct patterns in mortality and DALYs drivers globally and by gender and SDI level