Fig. 2

Trends in ASR of Early-Onset T2DM Among Youths Aged 15–34 Years by SDI Level, 1990–2021. This figure illustrates trends in ASR for four metrics of early-onset T2DM among youths aged 15–34 years, stratified by SDI levels from 1990 to 2021. A Incidence Rates—Shows rising incidence of early-onset T2DM across all SDI levels, with the steepest increase in high-SDI regions. Joinpoint analysis marks significant trend shifts, indicating periods of acceleration or deceleration. B Prevalence Rates—Depicts increasing prevalence across all SDI levels, with high-SDI regions exhibiting the highest rates. Joinpoint analysis identifies key years of significant trend changes, notably in high- and middle-SDI regions. C Mortality Rates—Presents mortality trends with greater variability. High-SDI regions show stable rates, while lower-SDI regions display fluctuations, with joinpoints highlighting shifts in mortality patterns. D DALYs Rates—Illustrates trends in DALYs, reflecting disease burden. Significant increases occur in high- and middle-SDI regions, with joinpoints noting key changes, especially in high-SDI regions since the late 1990s. Lines are color-coded by SDI level: blue (high-SDI), orange (high-middle SDI), green (middle SDI), red (low-middle SDI), and brown (low-SDI). Each panel includes annotations of significant joinpoints and associated AAPC values, quantifying the rate of change over time. The figure underscores the growing global burden of early-onset T2DM, with distinct patterns across SDI levels, highlighting disparities in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs