Association of the interaction between interleukin-1β gene polymorphism and smoking status with the diabetic nephropathy risk in a Chinese Han population

Table 2 General characteristics of all participants in case and control group

Variables	T2DM patients with DN (N = 412)	T2DM patients without DN (N = 416)	P-values
Age (years)	60.3 ± 11.4	61.5 ± 12.2	0.144
Gender (male/female)	198/ 214	200/216	0.996
HbA1c (%)	7.94 ± 2.15	7.61 ± 2.01	0.023
FPG (mmol/ L)	8.72 ± 2.71	8.15 ± 2.54	0.002
BMI (kg/m²)	24.8 ± 5.98	25.2 ± 6.31	0.350
Alcohol consumption, N (%)	136 (33.01)	123 (29.57)	0.285
Smokers, N (%)	112 (27.18)	79 (18.99)	0.005
Duration of diabetes, (years)	10.1 ± 5.8	9.6 ± 4.5	0.166
SBP (mmHg)	139.28 ± 15.89	130.56 ± 16.42	< 0.001
DBP (mmHg)	87.81 ± 13.25	83.54 ± 12.61	< 0.001
TC (mmol/L)	4.80 ± 1.25	4.61 ± 1.22	0.027
TG (mmol/L)	2.06 ± 1.13	1.94 ± 1.02	0.109
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.16 ± 0.32	1.19 ± 0.35	0.198
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.72 ± 0.81	2.63 ± 0.74	0.095
Urea (mmol/L)	20.16 ± 8.91	8.36 ± 4.15	< 0.001
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)	97.90 ± 27.41	93.66 ± 25.12	0.020

Note: means ± standard deviation for age, HbA1c, FPG, BMI, duration of diabetes, SBP, DBP, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, Urea and eGFR; FPG: fast plasma glucose; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c: haemoglobin A1c; TG: triglycerides; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate

ISSN: 1758-5996