Table 1 Characteristics of the population grouped by diabetic retinopathy

Age (year)

60.0 (13.0)

57.0 (14.0)

56.0 (18.0)

< 0.001

Eye (right, %)

343 (47.6)

111 (46.1)

22 (41.5)

0.664

Sex (male, %)

401 (55.6)

155 (64.3)

33 (62.3)

0.049

Duration (months)

122.0 (97.0)

131.0 (88)

157.0 (136)

0.002

BMI (kg/m2)

24.60 (4.25)

24.90 (4.20)

24.90 (4.45)

0.306

SBP (mmHg)

127.0 (21.0)

126.0 (20.0)

126.0 (26.0)

0.766

DBP (mmHg)

76.0 (12.0)

78.0 (16.0)

78.0 (13.0)

0.441

BUN (mmol/L)

5.52 (2.01)

5.52 (2.35)

6.43 (3.20)

0.003

SUA (umol/L)

315.1 (121.0)

322.5 (120.0)

356.0 (129.9)

0.047

 Normal (n, %)

620 (86.0)

200 (83.0)

38 (71.7)

0.016

 High (n, %)

101 (14.0)

41 (17.0)

15 (28.3)

Scr (µmol/L)

59.0 (20.7)

58.8 (23.2)

65.4 (27.4)

0.055

eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

100.64 (15.87)

104.27 (20.89)

101.99 (24.02)

0.006

> 120

86 (11.9)

42 (17.4)

9 (17.0)

0.016

90–120

517 (71.7)

165 (68.5)

29 (54.7)

< 89

119 (16.5)

34 (14.1)

15 (28.3)

TC (mmol/L)

4.78 (1.63)

4.89 (1.77)

4.76 (2.30)

0.332

TG (mmol/L)

1.40 (1.00)

1.58 (1.10)

1.63 (1.10)

0.271

HDL-c(mmol/L)

1.06 (0.39)

1.01 (0.35)

1.00 (0.34)

0.018

LDL-c(mmol/L)

2.73 (1.33)

2.83 (1.26)

2.89 (1.61)

0.410

ALB (g/L)

44.80 (5.85)

44.40 (6.10)

42.30 (8.65)

< 0.001

HbA1c (%)

7.80 (2.20)

8.70 (2.85)

8.90 (2.90)

< 0.001

< 7 (n, %)

221 (30.7)

51 (21.2)

10 (18.9)

< 0.001

7–9 (n, %)

314 (43.6)

89 (36.9)

17 (32.1)

\(\:\ge\:9\) (n, %)

186 (25.8)

101 (41.9)

26 (49.1)

Glycated albumin

19.47 (7.65)

22.50 (8.46)

24.22 (10.27)

< 0.001

0 h-PG (mmol/L)

7.79 (3.13)

8.43 (3.18)

7.89 (4.32)

0.022

1 h-PG (mmol/L)

13.26 (5.31)

12.84 (6.31)

11.05 (7.93)

0.056

2 h-PG (mmol/L)

13.89 (6.71)

13.48 (7.39)

11.73 (9.36)

0.189

UACR

14.23 (29.87)

18.14 (54.52)

74.86 (365.21)

< 0.001

 Normal (n, %)

517 (71.7)

155 (64.3)

21 (39.6)

< 0.001

 30–300 (n, %)

163 (22.6)

60 (24.9)

16 (30.2)

 > 300 (n, %)

41 (5.7)

26 (10.8)

16 (30.2)

CKD (n, %)

194 (26.9)

85 (35.3)

33 (62.3)

< 0.001

 CKD1 (n, %)

143 (19.8)

66 (27.4)

22 (41.5)

< 0.001

 CKD2 (n, %)

38 (5.3)

10 (4.1)

8 (15.1)

 CKD3 (n, %)

13 (1.8)

9 (3.7)

3 (5.7)

Previous history

 Hypertension

354 (49.1)

114 (47.3)

29 (54.7)

0.786

 Smoking

271 (37.6)

116 (48.1)

21 (39.6)

0.015

 Drinking

325 (45.1)

120 (49.8)

24 (45.3)

0.441

 Dyslipidemia

190 (26.4)

62 (25.7)

18 (34.0)

0.668

 Coronary Heart Disease

63 (8.7)

18 (7.5)

6 (11.3)

0.790

 Hyperuricemia

57 (7.9)

17 (7.1)

7 (13.2)

0.323

 Stroke

35 (4.9)

11 (4.6)

4 (7.5)

0.799