Metabolic syndrome including both elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting plasma glucose is associated with higher mortality risk: a prospective study

Table 4 All-cause mortality risk according to changes in metabolic syndrome subtypes

MetS types		Death/Total	Mortality rate (per 1,000 person years)	Hazard ratio (95% CI)
Baseline	Follow-up	Death/Total	Mortality rate (per 1,000 person years)	Hazard ratio (95% CI)
No MetS	No MetS	1,281/94,588	1.78 (1.68–1.87)	Reference
	not BG-type MetS	96/3,812	3.06 (2.50–3.73)	1.02 (0.82–1.25)
	BG-type MetS	141/3,325	5.82 (4.94–6.87)	1.34 (1.13–1.60)
not BG-type MetS	No MetS	132/4,008	3.87 (3.26–4.59)	1.17 (0.98–1.41)
	not BG-type MetS	137/3,532	4.52 (3.82–5.34)	1.15 (0.96–1.38)
	BG-type MetS	82/1,656	6.04 (4.86–7.50)	1.21 (0.97–1.52)
BG-type MetS	No MetS	177/3,842	6.16 (5.32–7.14)	1.31 (1.11–1.53)
	not BG-type MetS	113/1,733	8.38 (6.97–10.08)	1.52 (1.24–1.85)
	BG-type MetS	394/5,440	9.73 (8.81–10.74)	1.52 (1.35–1.72)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; MetS, metabolic syndrome
BG-type Mets, the sub-group of MetS with both elevated elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting plasma glucose
Multivariate analysis was stratified by age groups, BMI groups, and gender, and adjusted for marriage, education, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, and intake of vegetables and fruit at baseline

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