Metabolic syndrome including both elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting plasma glucose is associated with higher mortality risk: a prospective study

Table 3 Hazard ratios for mortality according to the metabolic syndrome subtypes

	Death/Total	Mortality rate (per 1,000 person years)	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	P value
All-cause mortality
No MetS	5,828/278,845	2.47 (2.41–2.53)	Reference
BG-type MetS	3,095/34,839	10.67 (10.30-11.05)	1.44 (1.37–1.51)	< 0.001
not BG-type MetS	1,427/26,512	5.69 (5.40–5.99)	1.12 (1.05–1.19)	< 0.001
Cancer-caused mortality
No MetS	2,690/278,845	1.14 (1.10–1.18)	Reference
BG-type MetS	1,046/34,839	3.61 (3.39–3.83)	1.73 (1.62–1.84)	< 0.001
not BG-type MetS	568/26,512	2.26 (2.09–2.46)	1.24 (1.15–1.35)	< 0.001
CVD-caused mortality
No MetS	907/278,845	0.38 (0.36–0.41)	Reference
BG-type MetS	731/34,839	2.52 (2.34–2.71)	1.34 (1.27–1.42)	< 0.001
not BG-type MetS	322/26,512	1.28 (1.15–1.43)	1.05 (0.98–1.12)	0.177

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; MetS, metabolic syndrome; CVD, cardiovascular disease
BG-type Mets, the sub-group of MetS with both elevated elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting plasma glucose
Multivariate analysis was stratified by age groups, BMI groups, and gender, and adjusted for marriage, education, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, and intake of vegetables and fruit

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