Table 1 Baseline characteristics stratified by the WWI quartiles

Age, years

64.18 ± 14.13

58.27 ± 15.72

63.54 ± 13.57

65.21 ± 13.49

69.73 ± 10.90

< 0.001

Age group, n (%)

< 0.001

< =65 years

1,761 (48%)

575 (63%)

467 (50%)

403 (45%)

316 (32%)

> 65 years

2,684 (52%)

434 (37%)

623 (50%)

747 (55%)

880 (68%)

Sex, n (%)

< 0.001

female

2,000 (47%)

367 (41%)

423 (41%)

495 (46%)

715 (62%)

male

2,445 (53%)

642 (59%)

667 (59%)

655 (54%)

481 (38%)

Race, n (%)

< 0.001

Mexican American

486 (5.0%)

86 (4.7%)

112 (4.2%)

125 (5.2%)

163 (6.0%)

Other Hispanic

284 (3.1%)

43 (2.4%)

61 (2.8%)

86 (3.6%)

94 (3.5%)

Non-Hispanic White

2,455 (73%)

497 (69%)

571 (72%)

660 (74%)

727 (78%)

Non-Hispanic Black

958 (12%)

318 (16%)

271 (13%)

210 (10%)

159 (8.3%)

Other/multiracial

262 (6.5%)

65 (7.3%)

75 (7.6%)

69 (6.7%)

53 (4.5%)

Education attainment, n (%)

< 0.001

Less Than 9th Grade

785 (10%)

120 (6.9%)

159 (9.5%)

216 (10%)

290 (15%)

9-11th Grade

812 (16%)

183 (14%)

193 (17%)

202 (15%)

234 (19%)

High School Grad/GED

1,102 (26%)

223 (22%)

285 (27%)

297 (29%)

297 (27%)

Some College or AA degree

1,103 (29%)

272 (31%)

287 (28%)

283 (31%)

261 (26%)

College Graduate or above

630 (18%)

210 (27%)

159 (18%)

151 (16%)

110 (12%)

Family income-poverty ratio

2.48 ± 1.55

2.77 ± 1.62

2.52 ± 1.59

2.43 ± 1.53

2.21 ± 1.40

0.021

Alcohol intake, n (%)

< 0.001

1–5 drinks/month

2,196 (50%)

509 (51%)

534 (49%)

591 (51%)

562 (48%)

10 + drinks/month

515 (14%)

154 (19%)

147 (17%)

124 (13%)

90 (8.7%)

5–10 drinks/month

191 (4.9%)

54 (6.7%)

50 (4.0%)

49 (5.8%)

38 (3.1%)

Non-drinker

1,531 (31%)

286 (23%)

356 (29%)

383 (30%)

506 (41%)

Non-clear

12 (0.1%)

6 (0.3%)

3 (< 0.1%)

3 (0.1%)

0 (0%)

Smoking, n (%)

< 0.001

Current smoker

899 (23%)

276 (28%)

208 (23%)

215 (22%)

200 (19%)

Former smoker

1,768 (39%)

322 (31%)

459 (42%)

484 (39%)

503 (42%)

Never smoker

1,777 (39%)

411 (41%)

422 (35%)

451 (39%)

493 (39%)

BMI, kg/m²

30.33 ± 7.18

26.68 ± 5.46

29.26 ± 6.51

31.94 ± 7.19

33.44 ± 7.48

< 0.001

Weight, kg

81.70 (69.30,97.50)

77.30 (65.61,90.02)

81.53 (69.00,94.20)

85.18 (72.70,103.60)

84.00 (71.40,101.00)

< 0.001

WC, cm

104.50

(94.70,115.35)

93.29

(84.80,101.60)

101.78

(93.70,109.35)

109.20

(100.37,119.80)

114.80

(105.20,126.20)

< 0.001

WWI, cm/√kg

11.53 ± 0.74

10.59 ± 0.38

11.29 ± 0.14

11.78 ± 0.15

12.48 ± 0.36

< 0.001

FBG, mmol/L

5.94 (5.38,6.94)

5.72 (5.22,6.38)

5.88 (5.33,6.88)

6.11 (5.44,7.11)

6.19 (5.55,7.27)

< 0.001

HbA1c, n (%)

5.70 (5.40,6.30)

5.50 (5.20,5.90)

5.70 (5.40,6.20)

5.80 (5.50,6.40)

6.00 (5.60,6.70)

< 0.001

SBP, mmHg

129.58 ± 20.77

126.01 ± 19.91

128.53 ± 20.60

131.39 ± 20.18

132.39 ± 21.78

< 0.001

DBP, mmHg

67.39 ± 14.81

69.94 ± 13.58

67.93 ± 14.52

67.77 ± 15.13

63.92 ± 15.33

< 0.001

TC, mmol/L

4.74 ± 1.15

4.77 ± 1.07

4.70 ± 1.22

4.75 ± 1.19

4.74 ± 1.12

0.4

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.31 ± 0.42

1.42 ± 0.45

1.32 ± 0.43

1.26 ± 0.41

1.26 ± 0.35

0.002

TG, mmol/L

2.22 ± 1.92

2.08 ± 1.79

2.24 ± 1.99

2.30 ± 2.05

2.27 ± 1.82

0.11

LDL-C, mmol/L

2.42 ± 0.98

2.41 ± 0.98

2.36 ± 1.01

2.45 ± 0.97

2.44 ± 0.97

0.4

Platelet,× 10⁹/L

227.00

(189.00,274.00)

222.00

(189.00,268.69)

224.19

(184.00,271.00)

227.00

(189.43,273.00)

234.00

(193.00,281.00)

0.079

Neutrophils,× 10⁹/L

4.20 (3.32,5.40)

3.90 (3.10,4.90)

4.10 (3.20,5.20)

4.40 (3.50,5.60)

4.50 (3.69,5.70)

< 0.001

Lymphocyte,× 10⁹/L

1.90 (1.50,2.40)

1.90 (1.40,2.30)

1.90 (1.50,2.40)

1.90 (1.50,2.40)

1.90 (1.50,2.40)

0.6

Creatinine, urine (mg/dL)

101.00

(60.00,154.00)

104.00

(61.00,158.09)

106.18

(63.00,168.00)

100.00

(61.00,154.74)

90.00

(56.00,138.00)

0.002

All-cause mortality, n (%)

2,024 (38%)

346 (26%)

480 (35%)

543 (40%)

655 (51%)

< 0.001

CVD mortality, n (%)

674 (12%)

116 (9.4%)

171 (13%)

181 (12%)

206 (14%)

0.059