Fig. 3

Associations between TDI and incident DR (A), DN (B) and DPN (C) were evaluated by RCS curves. The HR (solid red line) and 95% CI (light red area) are from a multivariate adjusted Cox regression model using RCS curves with four knots (5th, 35th, 65th, and 95th percentiles). The reference value (red dot) of TDI was set to the median. The histogram shows the distribution of TDI. TDI: Townsend deprivation index, RCS: restricted cubic spline, DR: diabetic retinopathy, DN: diabetic nephropathy, DPN: diabetic peripheral neuropathy, CI: confidence interval, HR: hazard ratio