Table 3 Glucose variability (GV) parameters in both estimated periods—14-day period on CGM under usual everyday conditions and 24-h period on CGM under standard conditions, in the studied cohort and in the groups according to glucose tolerance—with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), with high 1-h postpoad glucose during OGTT > 8.6 mmol/l (1hrOGTT), and with isolated impaired glucose tolerance (iIGT)
GV parameters | 24-h period on CGM under standard conditions | 14-day period on CGM under usual everyday conditions | Test | P value (2-tailed) | Pearson Correlation Coefficient | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The whole cohort | ||||||
CV (%) | 24 (19–30) | 18 (16–21) | Z = − 6.092 | < 0.0001 | 0.50 | < 0.0001 |
SD (mmol/l) | 1.17 (0.86–1.41) | 0.86 (0.68–1.01) | Z = − 6.098 | < 0.0001 | 0.61 | < 0.0001 |
MAGE | 3.47 (2.66–4.42) | 2.26 (1.83–2.67) | Z = − 6.409 | < 0.0001 | − 0.07 | 0.547 |
GRADE | 0.78 (0.51–1.70) | 0.62 (0.37–1.39) | Z = − 1.185 | 0.236 | 0.68 | < 0.0001 |
J-index | 11.00 (9.30–13.48) | 9.97 (8.78–11.28) | Z = − 5.351 | < 0.0001 | 0.82 | < 0.0001 |
LBGI | 4.95 (3.26–7.06) | 4.10 (3.05–6.47) | Z = − 2.205 | 0.027 | 0.80 | < 0.0001 |
HBGI | 1.81 (0.93–3.10) | 0.95 (0.50–1.41) | Z = − 6.114 | < 0.0001 | 0.77 | < 0.0001 |
LI | 1.80 (1.24–2.85) | 0.77 (0.52–1.09) | Z = − 7.301 | < 0.0001 | 0.68 | < 0.0001 |
CONGA1 | 4.09 ± 0.51 | 4.22 ± 0.51 | t = 3.362 | 0.001 | 0.81 | < 0.0001 |
MAG | 1.33 ± 0.32 | 0.99 ± 0.21 | t = − 11.880 | < 0.0001 | 0.61 | < 0.0001 |
M-Value | 7.51 (4.25–12.37) | 6.15 (4.19–10.54) | Z = − 2.239 | 0.025 | 0.77 | < 0.0001 |
Mean glucose (mmol/l) | 4.75 (4.41–5.13) | 4.67 (4.37–5.06) | Z = − 1.599 | 0.110 | 0.85 | < 0.0001 |
NGT | ||||||
CV (%) | 18 (16–25) | 15 (13–18) | Z = − 2.634 | 0.008 | 0.43 | 0.145 |
SD (mmol/l) | 0.81 (0.81–1.24) | 0.68 (0.61–0.79) | Z = − 2.272 | 0.023 | 0.46 | 0.116 |
MAGE | 2.18 (1.97–4.12) | 1.69 (1.53–2.15) | Z = 2.657 | 0.008 | 0.42 | 0.154 |
GRADE | 0.78 (0.46–1.05) | 0.43 (0.23–0.61) | Z = − 1.993 | 0.046 | 0.42 | 0.155 |
J-index | 10.14 (8.40–11.00) | 9.15 (8.89–10.21) | Z = − 0.350 | 0.727 | 0.67 | 0.012 |
LBGI | 4.85 (3.45–6.38) | 3.66 (3.19–4.42) | Z = − 2.271 | 0.023 | 0.61 | 0.026 |
HBGI | 0.63 (0.16–2.66) | 0.37 (0.16–1.23) | Z = − 2.201 | 0.028 | 0.69 | 0.009 |
LI | 1.03 (0.81–1.70) | 0.50 (0.39–0.78) | Z = − 2.900 | 0.004 | 0.39 | 0.186 |
CONGA1 | 4.02 ± 0.35 | 4.27 ± 0.27 | t = 2.954 | 0.012 | 0.51 | 0.075 |
MAG | 1.27 ± 0.33 | 0.97 ± 0.18 | t = − 3.371 | 0.006 | 0.20 | 0.505 |
M-Value | 7.15 (4.62–11.33) | 5.37 (4.50–6.61) | Z = − 1.992 | 0.046 | 0.59 | 0.035 |
Mean glucose (mmol/l) | 4.66 (4.45–4.83) | 4.71 (4.58–4.87) | Z = − 1.328 | 0.184 | 0.66 | 0.013 |
1hrOGTT | ||||||
CV (%) | 22 (19–29) | 17 (16–20) | Z = − 3.012 | 0.003 | 0.45 | 0.860 |
SD (mmol/l) | 1.08 (0.87–1.33) | 0.81 (0.66–0.90) | Z = − 3.289 | 0.001 | 0.64 | 0.004 |
MAGE | 3.16 (2.75–4.12) | 2.15 (1.81–2.48) | Z = − 3.621 | < 0.0001 | 0.68 | 0.002 |
GRADE | 0.78 (0.43–1.91) | 0.62 (0.49–1.39) | Z = − 0.047 | 0.962 | 0.62 | 0.006 |
J-index | 10.31 (9.28–13.08) | 9.42 (8.31–10.41) | Z = − 2.983 | 0.003 | 0.72 | 0.001 |
LBGI | 2.29 (1.48–3.67) | 4.23 (3.60–6.65) | Z = − 0.697 | 0.486 | 0.60 | 0.009 |
HBGI | 1.22 (0.84–2.17) | 0.83 (0.54–1.04) | Z = − 3.195 | 0.001 | 0.75 | < 0.0001 |
LI | 1.74 (1.32–3.04) | 0.81 (0.58–1.05) | Z = − 3.680 | < 0.0001 | 0.80 | < 0.0001 |
CONGA1 | 3.99 ± 0.42 | 4.08 ± 0.37 | t = 0.900 | 0.381 | 0.61 | 0.007 |
MAG | 1.31 ± 0.31 | 1.01 ± 0.23 | t = − 6.814 | < 0.0001 | 0.77 | < 0.0001 |
M-Value | 6.77 (5.66–12.86) | 6.30 (4.83–11.44) | Z = − 0.588 | 0.557 | 0.62 | 0.006 |
Mean glucose (mmol/l) | 4.69 (4.25–5.02) | 4.66 (4.20–4.88) | Z = − 1.612 | 0.107 | 0.67 | 0.002 |
iIGT | ||||||
CV (%) | 26 (22–31) | 20 (17–23) | Z = − 4.623 | < 0.0001 | 0.37 | 0.019 |
SD (mmol/l) | 1.26 (1.05–1.54) | 0.97 (0.78–1.13) | Z = − 4.652 | < 0.0001 | 0.53 | < 0.0001 |
MAGE | 3.76 (2.95–4.65) | 2.51 (2.10–3.14) | Z = − 4.555 | < 0.0001 | − 0.17 | 0.302 |
GRADE | 0.78 (0.52–1.81) | 0.78 (0.51–1.39) | Z = − 0.377 | 0.706 | 0.75 | < 0.0001 |
J-index | 11.87 (10.36–14.34) | 10.51 (8.67–13.71) | Z = − 4.548 | < 0.0001 | 0.86 | < 0.0001 |
LBGI | 5.43 (2.72–7.24) | 4.62 (2.52–6.88) | Z = − 1.250 | 0.211 | 0.85 | < 0.0001 |
HBGI | 4.73 (3.98–7.58) | 1.14 (0.67–1.63) | Z = − 4.814 | < 0.0001 | 0.74 | < 0.0001 |
LI | 2.19 (1.62–3.16) | 0.97 (0.60–1.49) | Z = − 5.566 | < 0.0001 | 0.67 | < 0.0001 |
CONGA1 | 4.16 ± 0.59 | 4.26 ± 0.61 | t = 2.280 | 0.028 | 0.88 | < 0.0001 |
MAG | 1.36 ± 0.32 | 0.99 ± 0.22 | t = − 9.887 | < 0.0001 | 0.65 | < 0.0001 |
M-Value | 8.78 (3.48–12.68) | 7.07 (3.20–12.13) | Z = − 1.406 | 0.160 | 0.83 | < 0.0001 |
Mean glucose (mmol/l) | 4.83 (4.41–5.28) | 4.75 (4.34–5.19) | Z = − 1.707 | 0.088 | 0.91 | < 0.0001 |