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Table 2 The prognostic value of PNI for cardiovascular and DM-related mortality in uncontrolled DM

From: Implications of prognostic nutritional index in predicting adverse outcomes of uncontrolled diabetic patients: a cohort study of the national health and nutrition examination survey from 2005 – 2018

Outcomes

PNI level categories/continuous

Model 1*

Model 2*

Model 3*

HR (95% CI)

P value

HR (95% CI)

P value

HR (95% CI)

P value

DM-related

mortality

PNI level as a

categorical variable

(interquartile range)

Q1

ref

 

ref

 

ref

 

Q2

0.513 (0.371–0.708)

< 0.001

0.553 (0.396–0.772)

< 0.001

0.503 (0.358–0.707)

< 0.001

Q3

0.392 (0.277–0.554)

< 0.001

0.455 (0.317–0.653)

< 0.001

0.397 (0.275–0.574)

< 0.001

Q4

0.331 (0.229–0.578)

< 0.001

0.390 (0.263–0.577)

< 0.001

0.303 (0.201–0.459)

< 0.001

PNI level as a continuous variable

PNI (per one unit)

0.877 (0.848–0.907)

< 0.001

0.893 (0.862–0.926)

< 0.001

0.872 (0.840–0.906)

< 0.001

Cardiovascular

mortality

PNI level as a

categorical variable

(interquartile range)

Q1

ref

 

ref

 

ref

 

Q2

0.648 (0.462–0.909)

0.012

0.656 (0.462–0.931)

0.018

0.638 (0.447–0.909)

0.013

Q3

0.333 (0.221–0.503)

< 0.001

0.380 (0.248–0.583)

< 0.001

0.348 (0.226–0.539)

< 0.001

Q4

0.369 (0.247–0.552)

< 0.001

0.431 (0.281–0.660)

< 0.001

0.379 (0.242–0.592)

< 0.001

PNI level as a continuous variable

PNI (per one unit)

0.880 (0.847–0.914)

< 0.001

0.888 (0.851–0.926)

< 0.001

0.872 (0.834–0.912)

< 0.001

  1. Multivariable cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess the associations of PNI and clinical outcomes. Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex; Model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, BMI, SBP, HR, race, smoking status, alcohol consumption, disease history, and DM treatment conditions; Model 3 was adjusted for covariates in Model 2 plus TG, TC, TP and WBC counts
  2. PNI, prognostic nutritional index; DM, diabetes mellitus; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval