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Table 1 Baseline characteristics quartiles by the PNI levels

From: Implications of prognostic nutritional index in predicting adverse outcomes of uncontrolled diabetic patients: a cohort study of the national health and nutrition examination survey from 2005 – 2018

Characteristics

Total

PNI quartiles

P value

P for trend

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

N = 3,313

N = 833

N = 838

N = 825

N = 817

Age, yrs

61.75 ± 12.78

62.40 ± 13.08

62.00 ± 12.90

61.84 ± 12.48

60.74 ± 12.59

0.055

0.01

Men, n, (%)

1771 (53.4)

344 (41.3)

426 (50.8)

472 (57.2)

529 (64.7)

< 0.001

< 0.001

BMI, kg/m2

32.40 ± 7.54

35.25 ± 8.93

32.90 ± 7.77

31.43 ± 6.20

29.98 ± 5.78

< 0.001

< 0.001

Smoking status, n, (%)

1650 (49.7)

423 (50.8)

405 (48.3)

408 (49.5)

414 (50.7)

0.721

0.918

Alcohol consumption, n, (%)

2041 (61.5)

497 (59.7)

506 (60.4)

529 (64.1)

509 (62.3)

0.237

0.124

Citizen status*, n, (%)

2912 (87.8)

751 (90.2)

741 (88.5)

723 (87.6)

697 (85.3)

0.196

0.007

Marital status*, n, (%)

     

0.007

0.097

 Married

1984 (59.9)

446 (53.5)

494 (58.9)

522 (63.3)

522 (63.9)

  

 Separated

1026 (31.0)

294 (35.3)

267 (31.9)

241 (29.2)

224 (27.4)

  

 Never Married

281 (8.5)

91 (10.9)

73 (8.7)

59 (7.2)

68 (8.3)

  

Race, n, (%)

     

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Hispanic

993 (29.9)

217 (26.1)

250 (29.8)

251 (30.4)

275 (33.7)

  

 Non-Hispanic White

343 (10.3)

60 (7.2)

73 (8.7)

93 (11.3)

117 (14.3)

  

 Non-Hispanic Black

1128 (34.0)

276 (33.1)

305 (36.4)

287 (34.8)

260 (31.8)

  

 Other

849 (25.6)

280 (33.6)

210 (25.1)

194 (23.5)

165 (20.2)

  

CAD history, n, (%)

757 (22.8)

241 (28.9)

228 (27.2)

157 (19.0)

131 (16.0)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Hypertension, n, (%)

2477 (74.7)

650 (78.0)

646 (77.1)

600 (72.7)

581 (71.1)

0.002

< 0.001

SBP, mmHg

132.53 ± 20.03

133.77 ± 22.42

133.05 ± 20.44

131.50 ± 18.80

131.78 ± 18.07

0.069

0.016

DBP, mmHg

69.11 ± 12.13

67.87 ± 12.74

68.90 ± 12.59

69.09 ± 11.60

70.61 ± 11.40

< 0.001

< 0.001

HR, beats/min

74.69 ± 12.64

75.41 ± 12.62

74.28 ± 12.79

74.27 ± 12.38

74.81 ± 12.76

0.205

0.358

TG, mg/dL

1.77 ± 1.37

1.66 ± 1.07

1.80 ± 1.68

1.77 ± 1.26

1.84 ± 1.38

0.042

0.017

TC, mg/dL

4.71 ± 1.14

4.63 ± 1.17

4.72 ± 1.17

4.72 ± 1.09

4.74 ± 1.14

0.201

0.062

HDL mg/dL

1.23 ± 0.35

1.24 ± 0.36

1.22 ± 0.35

1.23 ± 0.36

1.22 ± 0.35

0.434

0.151

TP, g/dL

7.15 ± 0.50

6.96 ± 0.58

7.08 ± 0.46

7.18 ± 0.41

7.39 ± 0.43

< 0.001

< 0.001

Albumin, g/dL

4.08 ± 0.36

3.63 ± 0.25

4.00 ± 0.07

4.20 ± 0.07

4.51 ± 0.17

< 0.001

< 0.001

HbA1c, %

8.05 ± 1.75

8.34 ± 1.97

8.06 ± 1.74

7.91 ± 1.64

7.88 ± 1.60

< 0.001

< 0.001

WBC count, x109/L

7.69 ± 2.39

7.87 ± 2.42

7.59 ± 2.27

7.57 ± 2.13

7.74 ± 2.69

0.032

0.254

Lymphocyte count, x109/L

2.21 ± 1.25

2.06 ± 0.83

2.14 ± 1.05

2.24 ± 0.98

2.42 ± 1.85

< 0.001

< 0.001

Neutrophils count, x109/L

4.62 ± 1.72

4.95 ± 1.92

4.60 ± 1.70

4.47 ± 1.55

4.47 ± 1.65

< 0.001

< 0.001

Monocyte count, x109/L

0.58 ± 0.21

0.58 ± 0.21

0.57 ± 0.20

0.58 ± 0.20

0.59 ± 0.21

0.568

0.661

DM treatment condition (%)

     

< 0.001

< 0.001

 Untreated

308 (9.3)

71 (8.5)

77 (9.2)

83 (10.1)

77 (9.4)

  

 OADs treated

1828 (55.1)

327 (39.3)

466 (55.6)

501 (60.7)

534 (65.4)

  

 Insulin treated

533 (16.1)

222 (26.7)

142 (16.9)

103 (12.5)

66 (8.1)

  

 OADs + Insulin treated

644 (19.4)

213 (25.6)

153 (18.3)

138 (16.7)

140 (17.1)

  

Cardiovascular mortality, n, (%)

205 (6.2)

75 (9.0)

61 (7.3)

33 (4.0)

36 (4.4)

< 0.001

< 0.001

DM-related mortality, n, (%)

247 (7.4)

94 (11.3)

61 (7.3)

50 (6.1)

42 (5.1)

< 0.001

< 0.001

  1. Data are presented as mean ± deviation or number (percentage). Chi-square test is used to compare differences for categorical variables, and ANOVA is used for continuous variables. A P for trend analysis is used as a post-hoc analysis for all variables. A P value < 0.05 is considered to be significant
  2. * Citizen information of six participants and marital information of ten participants are absent or refusal. Married status refers to have married or living with a partner. Separated status refers to being divorced, widowed, or living separated
  3. PNI, prognostic nutritional index; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery diseases; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; TG, Triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; TP, total protein; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; WBC, white blood cell; DM, Diabetes mellitus; OADs, oral antidiabetic drugs
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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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