Table 1 Characteristics and outcomes of participants categorized by SHR
SHR | Total (n = 904) | T1 (< 1.005) (n = 301) | T2 (1.005–1.395) (n = 305) | T3 (≥ 1.395) (n = 298) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age, years, mean(SD) | 67.62 (13.51) | 67.60 (13.73) | 67.26 (13.62) | 68.02 (13.20) | 0.787 |
Male, n(%) | 608 (67.3%) | 200 (66.4%) | 209 (68.5%) | 199 (66.8%) | 0.842 |
Race, White, n(%) | 537 (59.4%) | 168 (55.8%) | 200 (65.6%) | 169 (56.7%) | 0.026 |
BMI, Kg/m2, mean(SD) | 29.16 (6.79) | 29.40 (6.83) | 29.38 (7.32) | 28.70 (6.18) | 0.447 |
Vital signs | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
SBP, mmHg, mean (SD) | 112.9 (21.0) | 111.3 (19.9) | 113.1 (19.7) | 114.4 (23.4) | 0.190 |
DBP, mmHg, mean (SD) | 66.3 (18.1) | 64.6 (16.7) | 65.0 (17.4) | 69.4 (19.9) | 0.001 |
Respiratory rate, bpm, mean (SD) | 20.3 (6.3) | 19.5 (6.0) | 20.3 (6.3) | 21.2 (6.3) | 0.004 |
HR, bpm, mean (SD) | 90.2 (20.6) | 86.8 (18.1) | 91.0 (21.9) | 92.7 (21.1) | 0.001 |
Comorbidities, n(%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Myocardial infarction | 396 (43.8%) | 99 (32.9%) | 128 (42.0%) | 169 (56.7%) | < 0.001 |
Heart failure | 736 (81.4%) | 253 (84.1%) | 245 (80.3%) | 238 (79.9%) | 0.351 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 154 (17.0%) | 52 (17.3%) | 55 (18.0%) | 47 (15.8%) | 0.754 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 228 (25.2%) | 86 (28.6%) | 67 (22.0%) | 75 (25.2%) | 0.173 |
Liver disease | 111 (12.3%) | 48 (15.9%) | 35 (11.5%) | 28 (9.4%) | 0.044 |
Diabetes | 380 (42.0%) | 145 (48.2%) | 108 (35.4%) | 127 (42.6%) | 0.006 |
Chronic renal disease | 310 (34.3%) | 111 (36.9%) | 111 (36.4%) | 88 (29.5%) | 0.106 |
Malignant cancer | 38 (4.2%) | 8 (2.7%) | 18 (5.9%) | 12 (4.0%) | 0.136 |
Laboratory parameters | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Lactate, mmol/L, median (IQR) | 1.80 (1.30, 3.00) | 1.55 (1.10, 2.20) | 1.70 (1.20, 2.40) | 2.60 (1.50, 4.20) | < 0.001 |
WBC, K/μL, median (IQR) | 11.90 (8.70, 16.20) | 9.80 (7.25, 13.10) | 12.10 (9.05, 16.20) | 13.80 (10.50, 19.23) | < 0.001 |
Platelet, K/μL, median (IQR) | 204 (150, 262) | 192 (133, 242) | 202 (150, 256) | 227 (172, 292) | < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL, mean (SD) | 11.50 (2.65) | 11.23 (2.75) | 11.34 (2.43) | 11.95 (2.70) | 0.001 |
Neutrophile, K/μL, median (IQR) | 10.68 (7.48, 14.60) | 8.69 (6.27, 12.14) | 10.87 (8.14, 14.57) | 12.46 (8.68, 16.08) | < 0.001 |
Lymphocyte, K/μL, median (IQR) | 1.30 (0.82, 2.12) | 1.51 (0.85, 2.16) | 1.29 (0.81, 2.15) | 1.24 (0.79, 2.05) | 0.212 |
BUN, mg/dL, median (IQR) | 27.0 (18.0, 44.0) | 29.0 (18.5, 45.0) | 27.0 (17.0, 42.5) | 24.5 (17.0, 43.0) | 0.308 |
Creatinine, mg/dL, median (IQR) | 1.30 (1.00, 2.00) | 1.30 (1.00, 2.00) | 1.30 (1.00, 1.95) | 1.40 (1.00, 2.00) | 0.583 |
Calcium, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 8.57 (0.97) | 8.59 (1.04) | 8.59 (0.79) | 8.51 (1.08) | 0.538 |
Chloride, mEq/L, mean (SD) | 100.91 (6.90) | 101.52 (6.61) | 100.72 (6.76) | 100.49 (7.30) | 0.156 |
Sodium, mEq/L, mean (SD) | 136.60 (5.22) | 137.41 (4.71) | 136.28 (4.94) | 136.13 (5.87) | 0.004 |
Potassium, mEq/L, mean (SD) | 4.50 (0.95) | 4.43 (0.95) | 4.42 (0.79) | 4.65 (1.08) | 0.005 |
Albumin, g/dL, mean (SD) | 3.27 (0.59) | 3.24 (0.60) | 3.28 (0.56) | 3.30 (0.61) | 0.458 |
Total Bilirubin, mg/dL, median (IQR) | 0.70 (0.50, 1.20) | 0.80 (0.50, 1.40) | 0.70 (0.50, 1.25) | 0.70 (0.40, 1.10) | 0.112 |
ALT, U/L, median (IQR) | 41.0 (20.0, 114.8) | 32.0 (18.0, 98.0) | 37.0 (19.5, 108.5) | 53.5 (23.0, 150.3) | 0.003 |
AST, U/L, median (IQR) | 74.0 (32.0, 237.0) | 55.0 (27.0, 175.0) | 70.0 (32.5, 214.5) | 108.0 (40.0, 307.0) | < 0.001 |
INR, median (IQR) | 1.40 (1.20, 1.70) | 1.50 (1.20, 1.80) | 1.40 (1.20, 1.70) | 1.30 (1.10, 1.60) | < 0.001 |
PT, median (IQR) | 14.8 (12.8, 18.5) | 16.0 (13.3, 19.6) | 14.9 (12.8, 18.1) | 13.7 (12.4, 17.2) | < 0.001 |
PTT, median (IQR) | 34.8 (28.8, 57.0) | 34.5 (29.5, 51.1) | 34.3 (28.6, 51.5) | 36.6 (28.3, 70.2) | 0.250 |
Glucose, mg/dL, mean (SD) | 179.87 (100.10) | 117.44 (38.70) | 156.43 (50.16) | 266.92 (119.41) | < 0.001 |
HbA1c, %, mean (SD) | 6.49 (1.67) | 6.97 (2.01) | 6.24 (1.39) | 6.27 (1.46) | < 0.001 |
SHR, mean (SD) | 1.326 (0.636) | 0.796 (0.166) | 1.182 (0.114) | 2.009 (0.644) | < 0.001 |
Sofa score, median (IQR) | 2.0 (0.0, 4.0) | 2.0 (0.5, 4.0) | 2.0 (0.0, 4.0) | 2.0 (0.0, 4.0) | 0.975 |
Sapsii score, median (IQR) | 40.0 (31.3, 50.0) | 38.0 (30.0, 48.0) | 39.0 (31.0, 49.0) | 43.0 (34.8, 54.0) | < 0.001 |
Lods score, median (IQR) | 6.0 (4.0, 8.0) | 6.0 (4.0, 8.0) | 6.0 (4.0, 8.0) | 7.0 (5.0, 9.0) | 0.002 |
Oasis score, median (IQR) | 33.0 (27.0, 40.0) | 31.0 (26.0, 38.0) | 33.0 (27.0, 39.0) | 36.0 (30.0, 41.0) | < 0.001 |
Sirs score, median (IQR) | 3.0 (2.0, 3.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 3.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 3.0) | 3.0 (3.0, 3.0) | < 0.001 |
Charlson score, median (IQR) | 6.0 (4.0, 8.0) | 6.0 (4.0, 8.0) | 6.0 (4.0, 8.0) | 6.0 (4.0, 8.0) | 0.562 |