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Fig. 1 | Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

Fig. 1

From: Association between thyroid dysfunction and diabetic retinopathy: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Fig. 1

Directed acyclic diagram of MR Framework to explore the causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and Diabetic retinopathy. Directed acyclic graph of MR Framework to explore the causal relationship between Diabetic retinopathy and thyroid dysfunction SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism. 1 Assumption of correlation, 2 Assumption of independence, 3 Assumption of exclusivity

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Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome

ISSN: 1758-5996

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