Table 1 Characteristics of the participants according to the THR quintiles (n = 11,553)
Characteristics | THR | P trend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (Bottom) (< 1.44) | Q2 (1.44–1.88) | Q3 (1.89–2.38) | Q4 (2.39–3.16) | Q5 (Top) (> 3.16) | ||
n | 2303 | 2310 | 2315 | 2314 | 2311 | |
Maternal age (years) | 27.0 (25.0–30.0) | 28.0 (26.0–31.0) | 28.0 (26.0–31.0) | 28.0 (26.0–31.0) | 28.0 (26.0–32.0) | < 0.001 |
< 20 | 25 (1.1%) | 28 (1.2%) | 17 (0.7%) | 22 (1.0%) | 14 (0.6%) | < 0.001 |
20–34 | 2065 (89.7%) | 2021 (87.5%) | 2007 (86.7%) | 2056 (88.9%) | 1964 (85.0%) | |
≥ 35 | 213 (9.2%) | 261 (11.3%) | 291 (12.6%) | 236 (10.2%) | 333 (14.4%) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.4 (24.5–28.6) | 26.7 (24.7–29.0) | 27.0 (25.0–29.2) | 27.2 (25.2–29.6) | 27.6 (25.6–30.1) | < 0.001 |
< 25 | 727 (31.6%) | 643 (27.8%) | 577 (24.9%) | 537 (23.2%) | 402 (17.4%) | < 0.001 |
25–29 | 1203 (52.2%) | 1251 (54.2%) | 1296 (56.0%) | 1271 (54.9%) | 1316 (56.9%) | |
≥ 30 | 373 (16.2%) | 416 (18.0%) | 442 (19.1%) | 506 (21.9%) | 593 (25.7%) | |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 120 (110–130) | 120 (110–130) | 120 (110–129) | 120 (110–130) | 120 (110–130) | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP(mmHg) | 72 (70–79) | 72 (70–80) | 72 (70–80) | 73 (70–80) | 72 (70–80) | 0.010 |
Primipara (%) | 1390 (60.4%) | 1412 (61.1%) | 1339 (57.8%) | 1437 (62.1%) | 1368 (59.2%) | 0.031 |
Assisted reproduction | 31 (1.3%) | 45 (1.9%) | 54 (2.3%) | 68 (2.9%) | 71 (3.1%) | < 0.001 |
Cesarean section | 746 (32.4%) | 897 (38.8%) | 1051 (45.4%) | 1049 (45.3%) | 1185 (51.3%) | < 0.001 |
GDM | 122 (5.3%) | 158 (6.8%) | 176 (7.6%) | 215 (9.3%) | 300 (13.0%) | < 0.001 |
ICP | 116 (5.0%) | 141 (6.1%) | 105 (4.5%) | 159 (6.9%) | 190 (8.2%) | < 0.001 |
PE | 41 (1.8%) | 54 (2.3%) | 84 (3.6%) | 86 (3.7%) | 134 (5.8%) | < 0.001 |
PIH | 42 (1.8%) | 36 (1.6%) | 46 (2.0%) | 55 (2.4%) | 63 (2.7%) | 0.048 |
Gestational age (week) | 38.5 ± 1.9 | 38.7 ± 1.6 | 38.7 ± 1.6 | 38.8 ± 1.5 | 38.8 ± 1.5 | < 0.001 |
Neonatal sex (male) | 1241 (53.9%) | 1243 (53.8%) | 1206 (52.1%) | 1193 (51.6%) | 1223 (52.9%) | 0.415 |
Neonatal height | 49.6 ± 1.8 | 49.8 ± 1.3 | 49.9 ± 1.2 | 49.9 ± 1.1 | 49.9 ± 1.3 | < 0.001 |
Neonatal weight | 3230 (2940–3500) | 3325 (3050–3600) | 3380 (3090–3660) | 3410 (3140–3700) | 3470 (3170–3765) | < 0.001 |
Laboratory findings | ||||||
Total Protein (g/L) | 62.8 (60.2–65.7) | 63.0 (60.3–65.9) | 63.2 (60.5–66.0) | 63.5 (60.7–66.5) | 64.2 (61.4–67.3) | < 0.001 |
Albumin (g/L) | 36.4 (34.9–38.0) | 36.3 (34.7–38.0) | 36.4 (34.9–38.0) | 36.4 (34.9–38.1) | 36.3 (34.6–38.0) | 0.048 |
Total bilirubin (µmol/L) | 7.5 (6.1–9.3) | 7.4 (6.1–9.2) | 7.4 (6.1–9.2) | 7.3 (5.8–9.1) | 7.0 (5.5–8.9) | < 0.001 |
Direct bilirubin (µmol/L) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 1.3 (0.8–1.7) | < 0.001 |
ALT (U/L) | 9.0 (8.0–12.0) | 9.0 (7.0–12.0) | 9.0 (7.0–12.0) | 9.0 (7.0–12.0) | 9.0 (7.0–12.0) | 0.015 |
AST (U/L) | 18.0 (16.0–21.0) | 18.0 (16.0–21.0) | 18.0 (16.0–21.0) | 18.0 (16.0–21.0) | 18.0 (16.0–22.0) | 0.152 |
Urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 3.5 (3.0–4.1) | 3.4 (2.9–4.1) | 3.4 (2.9–4.0) | 3.4 (2.8–4.0) | 3.4 (2.8–4.1) | < 0.001 |
Creatinine (µmol/L) | 59.7 (54.5–64.8) | 59.3 (54.5–64.8) | 59.7 (54.5–65.2) | 59.7 (54.6–65.0) | 59.3 (54.4–64.8) | 0.749 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 6.3 (5.6–7.1) | 6.3 (5.6–7.1) | 6.4 (5.6–7.2) | 6.3 (5.5–7.1) | 6.2 (5.4–7.1) | 0.005 |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 2.3 (2.0–2.6) | 3.0 (2.7–3.3) | 3.6 (3.2–4.0) | 4.3 (3.8–4.9) | 5.9 (5.0–7.1) | < 0.001 |
LDL–C (mmol/L) | 3.3 (2.8–4.0) | 3.4 (2.9–4.0) | 3.4 (2.9–4.1) | 3.4 (2.8–4.0) | 3.0 (2.4–3.6) | < 0.001 |
HDL–C (mmol/L) | 2.0 (1.8–2.2) | 1.8 (1.6–2.0) | 1.7 (1.5–1.9) | 1.6 (1.4–1.8) | 1.4 (1.3–1.6) | < 0.001 |
hsCRP (mg/L) | 3.1 (1.6–5.6) | 3.0 (1.7–5.2) | 2.8 (1.5–5.0) | 2.8 (1.6–4.8) | 2.9 (1.6–4.8) | < 0.001 |