Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
All population (≥ 65 years) | 65–75 years | ≥ 75 years | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MetS group | non-MetS group | P value | MetS group | non-MetS group | P value | MetS group | non-MetS group | P value | |||
N | 410 | 536 | 333 | 256 | 203 | 154 | |||||
Age, n (%) | 0.95 | - | - | ||||||||
65–75 years | 333 (62.1%) | 256 (62.4%) | 333 (100%) | 256 (100%) | 203 (100%) | 154 (100%) | |||||
≥75 years | 203 (37.9%) | 154 (37.6%) | 0 | 0 | |||||||
Male, n (%) | 172 (42.0%) | 282 (52.6%) | < 0.01 | 155 (46.5%) | 150 (58.6%) | < 0.01 | 66 (42.9%) | 104 (51.2%) | 0.13 | ||
Smoking, n (%) | 164 (40.0%) | 111 (20.0%) | < 0.01 | 100 (39.1%) | 67 (20.1%) | < 0.01 | 64 (41.6%) | 44 (21.7%) | < 0.01 | ||
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 26.0 ± 2.3 | 23.9 ± 2.3 | < 0.01 | 25.9 ± 2.4 | 24.0 ± 2.3 | < 0.01 | 26.2 ± 2.2 | 23.7 ± 2.2 | < 0.01 | ||
APACHE II, median (IQR) | 21 (17–24) | 18 (16–21) | < 0.01 | 21 (17–24) | 18 (16–21) | < 0.01 | 21 (17–24) | 18 (16–20) | < 0.01 | ||
SOFA, median (IQR) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||||||||
Metabolic syndrome comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||||||
Prediabetes or diabetes | 376 (91.7%) | 132 (24.6%) | < 0.01 | 237 (92.6%) | 84 (25.2%) | < 0.01 | 139 (90.3%) | 48 (23.6%) | < 0.01 | ||
Obesity | 350 (85.4%) | 237 (44.2%) | < 0.01 | 216 (84.4%) | 153 (45.9%) | < 0.01 | 134 (87.0%) | 84 (41.4%) | < 0.01 | ||
Hypertension | 396 (96.6%) | 244 (45.5%) | < 0.01 | 247 (96.5%) | 153 (45.9%) | < 0.01 | 149 (96.8%) | 91 (44.8%) | < 0.01 | ||
Dyslipidemia | 174 (42.4%) | 40 (7.5%) | < 0.01 | 113 (44.1%) | 23 (6.9%) | < 0.01 | 61 (39.6%) | 17 (8.4%) | < 0.01 | ||
Primary ARDS etiology, n (%) | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.43 | ||||||||
Pneumonia | 234 (57.1%) | 297 (55.4%) | 151 (59.0%) | 185 (55.6%) | 83 (53.9%) | 112 (55.2%) | |||||
Sepsis | 82 (20.0%) | 117 (21.8%) | 47 (18.4%) | 71 (21.3%) | 35 (22.7%) | 46 (22.7%) | |||||
Aspiration | 41 (10.0%) | 69 (12.9%) | 25 (9.8%) | 39 (11.7%) | 16 (10.4%) | 30 (14.8%) | |||||
Trauma | 27 (6.6%) | 22 (4.1%) | 16 (6.3%) | 14 (4.2%) | 11 (7.1%) | 8 (3.9%) | |||||
Transfusion | 6 (1.5%) | 13 (2.4%) | 3 (1.2%) | 12 (3.6%) | 3 (1.9%) | 1 (0.5%) | |||||
Other | 20 (4.9%) | 18 (3.4%) | 14 (5.55) | 12 (3.6%) | 6 (3.9%) | 6 (3.0%) | |||||
Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||||||
Hepatic/gastrointestinal | 44 (10.7%) | 60 (11.2%) | 0.84 | 30 (11.7%) | 34 (10.2%) | 0.59 | 14 (9.1%) | 26 (12.8%) | 0.31 | ||
Immunocompromised | 51 (12.4%) | 63 (11.8%) | 0.76 | 27 (10.5%) | 34 (10.2%) | 0.89 | 24 (15.6%) | 29 (14.3%) | 0.77 | ||
Pulmonary | 91 (22.2%) | 71 (13.2%) | < 0.01 | 63 (24.6%) | 48 (14.4%) | < 0.01 | 28 (18.2%) | 23 (11.3%) | 0.09 | ||
Renal | 17 (4.1%) | 22 (4.1%) | 1.00 | 10 (3.9%) | 16 (4.8%) | 0.69 | 7 (4.5%) | 6 (3.0%) | 0.57 | ||
ICU admission, n (%) | 194 (47.3%) | 222 (41.4%) | 0.08 | 125 (48.8%) | 144 (43.2%) | 0.18 | 89 (57.8%) | 78 (38.4%) | < 0.01 | ||
ICU stay (days), mean ± SD | 12.3 ± 5.2 | 12.0 ± 4.9 | 0.48 | 12.7 ± 5.2 | 12.0 ± 4.9 | 0.25 | 12.0 ± 5.0 | 12.0 ± 5.0 | 0.99 | ||
28-day mortality | 112 (27.3%) | 93 (17.4%) | < 0.01 | 59 (23.0%) | 53 (15.9%) | 0.03 | 53 (34.4%) | 40 (19.7%) | < 0.01 | ||
90-day mortality | 137 (33.4%) | 117 (21.8%) | < 0.01 | 76 (29.7%) | 63 (18.9%) | < 0.01 | 61 (39.6%) | 54 (26.6%) | 0.01 | ||