Table 1 Therapeutic roles of colchicine and IL-1 inhibitors in T2DM
Therapeutic agent | Mechanism of action | Effects on inflammation | Impact on T2DM | Clinical benefits |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Synthetic colchicine | Binds to tubulin, preventing microtubule polymerization | Inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome, reduces neutrophil activity, decreases cytokine production (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6) | Lowers systemic inflammation, improves insulin sensitivity | Reduced risk of cardiovascular events, enhanced glycemic control |
Natural colchicine derivatives | Modulate NLRP3 inflammasome, reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines | Decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines, improve insulin sensitivity | Lowers systemic inflammation, enhances glucose metabolism | Improved glycemic control, potential reduction in T2DM progression |
Synthetic IL-1 inhibitors | Block IL-1 signaling by binding to IL-1 receptor or IL-1β | Decrease production of inflammatory markers (e.g., C-reactive protein, IL-1β) | Reduces inflammation, improves glucose homeostasis | Lower HbA1c levels, potential reduction in diabetes-related complications |
Natural IL-1 inhibitors | Inhibit IL-1 signaling pathways derived from plant extracts and herbs | Reduce production of inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β and IL-6 | Improve beta-cell function, reduce insulin resistance | Lower HbA1c levels, improved beta-cell function, better management of T2DM |