Differences in circadian time structure of diastolic blood pressure between diabetes mellitus and essential hypertension

Table 1 Clinico-biochemical characteristics and measures of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for each group

Characteristic	NT	T1D	T2D	HT	P value
F/M	17/13	13/7	10/10	10/10	0.678
Age (years)	55±10	53±7	57±7	54±7	0.230
BMI (Kg/m²)	26±5	26±4	29±4	28± 4	0.125
FPG (mmol/l)	5.0±0.5	10.8±4.5*	9.0±3.4*	5.4±0.6°#	<0.0001
HbA1c (%)	5.5±0.3	8.7±1.2*	7.2±1.4*°	5.7±0.3°#	<0.0001
SBP MESOR (mmHg)	123±8	136±11*	134±15*	139±13*	<0.0001
SBP Amplitude (mmHg)	9±5	11±4	8±4	10±5	0.168
SBP Acrophase (hour)	14±4	14±5	13±4	15±4	0.523
DBP MESOR (mmHg)	75±5	76±5	79±7*	83±9*°#	0.0003
DBP Amplitude (mmHg)	7±4	6±4	6±2	7±3	0.265
DBP Acrophase (hour)	14±3	10±4*	12±4*	14±2°#	0.0002
24-h PP (mmHg)	48±6	60±9*	55±11*	60±15*	0.0001
Night/day SBP ratio	0.76±0.15	0.89±0.10*	0.90±0.08*	0.88±0.07*	0.001
Night/day DBP ratio	0.86±0.10	0.91±0.12	0.89±0.09	0.85±0.07	0.177
AASI	0.49±0.12	0.61±0.15*	0.57±0.13*	0.52±0.15°	0.0133

Data are mean±SD by ANOVA. NT, normotensive control subjects; T1D, patients with type 1 diabetes; T2D, patients with type 2 diabetes; HT, patients with essential hypertension; BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MESOR, midline-estimating statistic of rhythm; PP, pulse pressure; AASI, ambulatory arterial stiffness index. P value between the 4 groups; * P < 0.05 vs controls; ° P < 0.05 vs T1D; # P < 0.05 vs T2D.

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