Differences in bioactivity between human insulin and insulin analogues approved for therapeutic use- compilation of reports from the past 20 years

Table 1 Bioactivities of insulin analogues versus human insulin

		Aspart	Detemir	Glargine	Glulisine	Lispro
	lower		12,26,48,54	9,19,25,26
metabolic activity	equal	21,26,53		13,14,55	15,35	26,5
	higher
	lower	26	22,26,30	22		26,44
mitogenic activity	equal	5,21,32,41,42	32,33,41,42,54,55	9,11,14,16,17,19,28,29,31, 32,34,41,42,49,50,54	15,23,32,35,43,51	20,32,41,42,45
	higher	41,42	56	13,16,21,22,25-27,32,33,39, 41,42,46,55,56		44,56
	lower
apoptosis inhibition	equal	36		17,49		52
	higher		56,57	52,56,57	36,52	36
	lower		40-42,54,56,57	40	23,40,43	40
Akt-activation	equal	40-42	40-42	14,40,54	35,40	40-42
	higher			41,42
	lower		41,42,54	41,42,54	43	41,42
GSK-3 inactivation	equal	40-42	41,42		35
	higher
	lower	40	41,42,56,53	41,42	23,40,43	40
Erk-phosphorylation	equal	41,42	40-42	40	35,40	41,42,47
	higher	40	40	40		40
	lower		54
MAP-kinase activation	equal		41,42	14,54	23
	higher

Compliation of reports (numbers refer to the publications cited in the reference list) on bioactivities of the insulin analogues aspart, detemir, glargine, glulisine, and lispro versus human insulin.

ISSN: 1758-5996