Table 3 Biochemical characteristics (Mean ± SD) of DKA episodes treated with subcutaneous rapid-acting insulin analog (SC Analog; n = 30) and continuous intravenous regular insulin (IV Insulin; n = 30) during the first 30 hours of management with the same alternative fluid replacement therapy
From: Alternative management of diabetic ketoacidosis in a Brazilian pediatric emergency department
Time | Insulin Therapy | Blood Glucose (mg/dl) | pH | HCO-3 (mmol/L) | β-OH butyrate (mmol/L) | Na+(mEq/L) | Cl(mEq/L) | K+(mEq/L) | Phosphorus (mg/dl) | Urea (mg/dl) | Serum Osmolality (mOsm/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Admission | IV Insulin | 442.7 ± 146.2 | 7.18 ± 0.1 | 9.08 ± 3.61 | 8.45 ± 2.75 | 136.7 ± 4.1 | 105.1 ± 9.4 | 5.1 ± 0.8 | 5.1 ± 1.6 | 37.8 ± 15.4 | 312.9 ± 13.8 |
|  | SC Analog | 443.7 ± 143.2 | 7.17 ± 0.1 | 10.38 ± 4.74 | 8.16 ± 3.53 | 137.1 ± 4.8 | 109.9 ± 6.6 | 5.1 ± 0.6 | 5.0 ± 1.3 | 37.5 ± 10.1 | 311.9 ± 13.7 |
Hour 2 | IV Insulin | 332.9 ± 74.6 | 7.19 ± 0.11 | 9.76 ± 4.08 | 7.08 ± 2.56 | 139.8 ± 4.5 | 108.3 ± 9.9 | 4.8 ± 0.8 | 3.9 ± 1.0 | 34.1 ± 14.3 | 310.9 ± 12.4 |
|  | SC Analog | 335.7 ± 126.8 | 7.15 ± 0.13 | 9.83 ± 5.71 | 7.54 ± 3.53 | 139.0 ± 5.6 | 107.9 ± 8.4 | 5.0 ± 0.9 | 4.3 ± 1.1 | 32.5 ± 10.0 | 305.8 ± 16.2 |
Hour 6 | IV Insulin | 222.6 ± 42.1 | 7.24 ± 0.12 | 9.76 ± 4.08 | 4.08 ± 2.58 | 140.1 ± 5.4 | 109.8 ± 9.3 | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 3.3 ± 1.2 | 30.7 ± 13.0 | 305.4 ± 13.7 |
|  | SC Analog | 213.6 ± 66.8 | 7.22 ± 0.12 | 9.83 ± 5.71 | 5.18 ± 3.17 | 140.4 ± 5.4 | 112.4 ± 9.9 | 4.6 ± 0.8 | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 28.6 ± 8.6 | 302.2 ± 13.3 |
Hour 12 | IV Insulin | 187.7 ± 86.3 | 7.31 ± 0.09 | 15.79 ± 4.42 | 2.61 ± 2.18 | 139.1 ± 4.0 | 110.2 ± 6.9 | 4.1 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 24.8 ± 12.9 | 297.6 ± 11.2 |
|  | SC Analog | 241.4 ± 82.7 | 7.29 ± 0.08 | 14.25 ± 6.10 | 3.29 ± 2.84 | 137.5 ± 3.9 | 108.3 ± 6.9 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 27.0 ± 7.3 | 296.5 ± 10.34 |
Hour 18 | IV Insulin | 241.9 ± 122.0 | 7.36 ± 0.04 | 18.39 ± 3.66 | 1.57 ± 1.82 | 137.8 ± 4.0 | 104.8 ± 8.1 | 3.9 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 26.9 ± 12.0 | 297.6 ± 11.2 |
|  | SC Analog | 210.6 ± 100.7 | 7.31 ± 0.05 | 16.78 ± 6.27 | 2.0 ± 2.0 | 138.1 ± 2.8 | 109.0 ± 6.3 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 3.0 ± 1.0 | 27.2 ± 8.0 | 296.5 ± 10.3 |
Hour 30 | IV Insulin | 269.7 ± 133.5 | 7.37 ± 0.07 | 19.52 ± 5.10 | 0.84 ± 0.91 | 138.3 ± 5.2 | 106.9 ± 6.8 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 1.1 | 26.2 ± 10.8 | 302.4 ± 10.1 |
|  | SC Analog | 245.9 ± 91.1 | 7.37 ± 0.06 | 18.19 ± 4.72 | 1.12 ± 1.59 | 137.2 ± 3.0 | 106.8 ± 7.9 | 4.0 ± 0.4 | 2.5 ± 0.8 | 26.5 ± 8.3 | 297.2 ± 5.4 |